The role of Sattvavajaya Chikitsa in the treatment of substance abuse disorders

Introduction: Sattvavajaya Chikitsa, a pioneering Ayurvedic concept introduced by Acharya Charaka, is an integral aspect of Ayurvedic mental health management. This non-pharmacological approach is not merely a treatment but a comprehensive holistic practice aimed at maintaining and enhancing mental well-being. In the term "Sattvavajaya", Satva translates to mind and avajaya means “to control” or “to tame”. Sattvavajaya means self-command or mental restraint, while "Chikitsa" refers to treatment. Sattvavajaya Chikitsa is designed to strengthen the Sattva (purity, harmony) within an individual, thereby mitigating the adverse effects of Rajas (passion, activity) and Tamas (ignorance, inertia), which are considered the root causes of mental disturbances.

Substance abuse disorders are, characterized by the compulsive use of harmful substances, are often linked to an imbalance in the mind's faculties, dominated by Rajas and Tamas. The Ayurvedic understanding involves a multifactorial approach revolving around prajnaparadha (intellectual errors), culminating in spectra like mada and madatyaya (stages of intoxication). The management of these conditions involve management of acute symptoms, correcting underlying cognitive impairments (reducing cravings), tapering the substance intake, detoxification and rejuvenation of the body, and psychotherapy. The therapy employs tools such as regulation of Chintya (regulation of thought processes), Vicharya (deliberation), Uhya (logical reasoning), Dhyeya (concentration), and Sankalpa (determination). These practices promote mental resilience and self-discipline, essential for overcoming the cravings and emotional turmoil associated with substance abuse.

Modern psychotherapy, as defined by Wolberg, involves the psychological treatment of emotional problems through a professional relationship aimed at altering maladaptive behaviours and fostering personal growth. Sattvavajaya Chikitsa shares similarities with this approach, particularly in its focus on mental regulation and cognitive restructuring. However, it also integrates spiritual elements such as Jnana (spiritual knowledge), Vijnana (textual knowledge), Dhairya (patience), Smriti (remembrance), and Samadhi (concentration), which contribute to a more comprehensive treatment of the individual.
The efficacy of Sattvavajaya Chikitsa in treating substance abuse disorders lies in its holistic approach, which addresses not only the psychological aspects but also the underlying spiritual and cognitive imbalances. By reinforcing Sattva, individuals are empowered to resist addictive behaviours and restore mental harmony. The incorporation of Sattvavajaya Chikitsa into modern therapeutic practices could offer a valuable complementary approach, particularly in cultures where Ayurveda is deeply rooted. Description regarding same will be discussed in the presentation.